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scatter diagram
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scatter diagram

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Scattergraphs showing different kinds of correlation. In this way, a causal relationship between two variables may be proved or disproved, provided there are no hidden factors.

Diagram whose purpose is to establish whether or not a relationship or correlation exists between two variables; for example, between life expectancy and gross national product. Each observation is marked with a dot in a position that shows the value of both variables. The pattern of dots is then examined to see whether they show any underlying trend by means of a line of best fit (a straight line drawn so that its distance from the various points is as short as possible).

For example, the following scatter graph shows a school's test results in science and maths:

The points on the graph lie in roughly a straight line. This is the line of best fit – it goes through the middle of the points. An estimate mark can be read from the graph for a student who missed the science test but scored 55 in maths; the student's estimated science score is 73.

The graph shows a positive correlation since both sets of data are increasing at the same time. When one set of data increases as the other decreases, there is a negative correlation.
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There are a variety of types of graphs (called Charts in Excel) that you can create in Microsoft Excel, including column (or vertical bar) graphs, line graphs, line and point graphs, area graphs, scatter plot graphs, pie graphs, and others.
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[GRAPHIC OMITTED] [GRAPHIC OMITTED] A scatter plot of county unemployment rates from December 2007 against year-over-year changes in county unemployment rates supports the observation of markedly different local labor markets within the Fourth District.
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