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18 September| 18 September 1137 | Denmark [administration] | King Erik II Emude of Denmark is murdered; he is succeeded by Erik III, grandson of Erik I, who faces renewed civil war. | | 18 September 1544 | France, Holy Roman Empire, Naples, Italy, Spanish Netherlands, Burgundy, Savoy [treaties] | King Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sign the Peace of Crépy, in France, by which their conquests since 1538 are restored to the former rulers (except for Guelders and Zutphen which are to remain with Charles); Francis surrenders his claims to Naples, Flanders, and Artois, and Charles surrenders his claim to the duchy of Burgundy; a Habsburg marriage is planned for Francis's second surviving son, Charles, with a dowry of Milan or the Netherlands and Franche-Comté; and the Duke of Savoy is to reoccupy all his lands. The English are excluded from the Peace; both rulers pledge an alliance against Protestantism. | | 18 September 1598 | Japan [births and deaths] | Toyotomi Hideyoshi (original name Hiyo-Shimaru, also known as Hashiba Chikuzen no kami), Japanese military leader, feudal lord, and chief imperial minister 1585–98 who completed the unification of Japan, dies in Fushimi, Japan (c. 61). | | 18 September 1709 | England [births and deaths] | Samuel Johnson, English essayist, critic, and lexicographer, author of the Dictionary of the English Language, born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, England (–1784). | | 18 September 1790 | USA [town planning] | The city of Washington, DC, is founded as the US capital, when President George Washington lays the foundation stone of the Capitol building. | | 18 September 1838 | UK [legislation] | The Anti-Corn Law League is established in Manchester, England, by the English industrialist Richard Cobden. Its purpose is to campaign for the repeal of the laws that protect the domestic landed interest by regulating the importation of corn into Britain. | | 18 September 1851 | USA [newspapers] | The New York Times newspaper is launched in the USA, edited by Henry J Raymond. | | 18 September 1905 | [births and deaths] | Greta Garbo, Swedish-born US film star of the 1920s and 1930s, then a legendary recluse after 1941, born in Stockholm, Sweden (–1990). | | 18 September 1913 | Bulgaria, Anatolia, Ottoman Empire [treaties] | A Bulgarian–Ottoman treaty settles the frontier in Thrace, leaving Adrianople under Ottoman rule. | | 18 September 1918 | Palestine, Ottoman Empire [World War I (1914–18)] | A British offensive begins in Palestine when troops under Sir Edmund Allenby defeat an Ottoman force at the Battle of Megiddo. | | 18 September 1931 | Japan, China [Sino–Japanese War (1933–40)] | Japanese troops occupy Mukden (now Shenyang), northeast China, and, joined by reinforcements, begin to expand throughout north Manchuria. | | 18 September 1934 | USSR [League of Nations] | The USSR is admitted to the League of Nations. | | 18 September 1970 | USA, England [births and deaths] | Jimi Hendrix, US rock singer and influential guitarist, dies as a result of mixing drugs and alcohol in London, England (27). | | 18 September 1973 | East Germany, West Germany [political events] | East and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations (UN). | | 18 September 1982 | Israel, Lebanon [political events] | Over 800 Palestinians are killed after Christian Phalangist militiamen enter the West Beirut refugee camps Sabra and Chatila. On September 25 there are protests in Israel over the massacre, and on September 28 the Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin agrees to an independent board of inquiry. | | 18–19 September 2003 | USA [natural disasters] | Hurricane Isabel strikes the eastern seaboard of the USA, causing widespread destruction, power and transport disruption, and flooding, particularly in Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the federal capital of Washington, DC. At least 30 deaths are blamed on the storm. |
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