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Surakarta| City in Central Java province, Indonesia, on the River Solo, 60 km/37 mi northeast of Yogyakarta; population (1997 est) 518,600. It is a railway and trade centre for the rich agricultural area of the Solo basin, where rice, sugar, tobacco, and coffee are grown. Leather, plastic, cigarettes, textiles, and batik products are manufactured. The city is built around a large, ornate kraton (palace) nucleus. |
| Surakarta, with Yogyakarta, was one of the two residual princely states into which the Mataram empire was divided in 1755. It remained relatively unchanged by Dutch rule, and largely retains its Javanese character. |
| Surakarta is also a centre for Javanese culture, especially dance, music, and literature. It is also a centre for education, and is home to the University of Sebelas Maret (1976). Notable landmarks include the palace of the sultan (1745) and the Dutch Fort Vastenburg (1779). |
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