Spruance, Raymond Amos (1886–1969)

US admiral in World War II.

Born in Baltimore, Spruance was trained at the US Naval Academy, Annapolis. During the decisive Battle of Midway in June 1942, Spruance took over command when Admiral Fletcher's flagship was crippled and sank all four Japanese carriers. He then became chief of staff to Admiral Nimitz and was given command of the 5th Central Pacific Fleet in August 1943, leading it at Tarawa, Kwajaliewn, Truk, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, Okinawa, and Iwo Jima. He was involved in the planning for the invasion of Japan, and after the war succeeded Nimitz as commander-in-chief of the Pacific Fleet. Spruance served as US ambassador to the Philippines 1952–55.