St Andrews

Town in Fife, Scotland, 19 km/12 mi southeast of Dundee; population (2001) 14,200. Its university (1411) is the oldest in Scotland. It is considered to be the ‘home of golf’, with a famous Old Course. The Royal and Ancient Club (1754) is the ruling body of golf. There is a ruined cathedral, which was founded in 1160 and consecrated in 1318.

There are six golf courses, four of which, the Old, New, Eden, and Jubilee, are owned by the Links Trust; the Old Course dates from the 16th century. The Royal and Ancient Golf Club was so named in 1834, 80 years after its inception as the Society of St Andrews Golfers.

The town is named after St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. There are ruins of a castle (originally built in 1200). A fragment of wall and some archways are the only remnants of a wealthy Augustinian priory which Bishop Robert founded here in 1144.

The cathedral suffered iconoclastic damage provoked by a sermon by John Knox in the town's parish church Holy Trinity in 1559. In the 9th century, St Andrews was a bishopric.

St Andrews

Town and administrative headquarters of Charlotte County, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada, on a rocky headland in Passamaquoddy Bay, 80 km/50 mi southwest of St John and 21 km/13 mi northwest of Eastport, Maine, USA; population (1991) 1,700. The international border runs through the bay just west of the town, at the mouth of the St Croix River. St Andrews is known for tourism and fishing.

The Huntsman Marine Science Centre offers interpretive exhibits on the nearby Bay of Fundy, an area noted for its marine mammals and seabirds. The Algonquin Hotel (1914) is one of the well-known resorts developed by the Canadian Pacific Railway.

St Andrews was laid out in 1783 by Loyalists and was formerly important as a commercial and lumbering port.

St Andrews

Community in central South Carolina, between the Broad and Saluda rivers, 8 km/5 mi northwest of central Columbia; population (1990 est) 25,700. It is a largely residential suburb of the capital.