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tempering

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tempering

Heat treatment for improving the properties of metals, often used for steel alloys. The metal is heated to a certain temperature and then quenched (cooled suddenly) in a water or oil bath to fix its state.

The temperature of steel during this process can be measured by changes in the colour of the metal as it gets hotter: it is light yellow at around 230°C/446°F, changes to dark yellow, red-brown, then purple, and finally becomes blue at around 295°C/563°F.



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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
56, 197: Hesiod says that those who are called the Idaean Dactyls taught the smelting and tempering of iron in Crete.
Collection Of Hesiod, Homer and Homerica by Homer View in context
He had indeed committed no other than an error in politics, by tempering justice with mercy, and by refusing to gratify the good-natured disposition of the mob,[*] with an object for their compassion to work on in the person of poor Jenny, whom, in order to pity, they desired to have seen sacrificed to ruin and infamy, by a shameful correction in Bridewell.
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Fielding, Henry View in context
Fashioned at last into an arrowy shape, and welded by Perth to the shank, the steel soon pointed the end of the iron; and as the blacksmith was about giving the barbs their final heat, prior to tempering them, he cried to Ahab to place the water-cask near.
Moby Dick LXVIII-CXXXIV by Melville, Herman View in context
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