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Tartu
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Tartu

City in Estonia, 150 km/93 mi southeast of Tallinn and 50 km/31 mi west of Lake Peipus; population (1990) 115,400. Industries include light engineering, food processing, and lumber. Founded by Russians in 1030, it was a stronghold of the Teutonic Knights from 1224 onwards. Tartu was captured by Russia in 1558 and subsequently held by Sweden and Poland, but returned to Russian control in 1704. It was occupied by German forces in both World Wars.

Tartu is a cultural centre of Estonia; the university was founded in 1632 by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and its large library was opened in 1802. There is also a botanical garden (1803) and an observatory (1809) in the city.



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