England
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Largest constituent part of the United Kingdom; area 130,357 sq km/50,331 sq mi; population (2001) 49,138,800. The capital is London, and other main towns and cities include Birmingham, Cambridge, Coventry, Leeds, Leicester, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, and York. The main ports are Bristol, Dover, Felixstowe, Harwich, Liverpool, Portsmouth, and Southampton. Important industries include agriculture (cereals, rape, sugar beet, potatoes, meat, and meat products), electronic and telecommunications equipment, computer software, scientific instruments, textiles and fashion goods, North Sea oil and gas, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, beer, china clay, pottery, porcelain, and glass. Tourism is important, and there are worldwide banking and insurance interests. England also exports films and radio and television programmes, and has a large music industry.
People
Among European countries, only the Netherlands is more densely populated. There are over 100 minority languages. The predominant religion is Christianity, and the Church of England is the established church with 31.5 million members. There are various Protestant groups, of which the largest is Methodism (1.4 million). There are approximately 5 million Roman Catholics, 900,000 Muslims, 410,000 Jews, 175,000 Sikhs, and 140,000 Hindus.Government
There are 659 members of Parliament. There is a mixture of two-tier and unitary local authorities, with metropolitan counties, non-metropolitan counties, and metropolitan boroughs. In addition, there are London boroughs, as well as the Corporation of London.For government and history, see United Kingdom, and cross-references listed there.
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