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Van Allen, James Alfred
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Van Allen, James Alfred (1914–2006)

US physicist whose instruments aboard the first US satellite Explorer 1 in 1958 led to the discovery of the Van Allen belts, two zones of intense radiation around the Earth. He pioneered high-altitude research with rockets after World War II.

After the end of World War II, Van Allen utilized unused German V2 rockets to measure levels of cosmic radiation in the outer atmosphere. His rocket-balloons (rockoons), small rockets that were lifted by means of balloons into the stratosphere and then fired off, were used from 1952.



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