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War on Terrorism (2001– ) - events| 7–31 October 2001 | Afghanistan | Claiming conclusive evidence that Saudi-born terrorist Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda network were behind the September 11 attacks on New York and Washington, DC, the US and UK launch sustained air attacks against targets controlled by the Islamic fundamentalist Taliban regime in Afghanistan for refusing to surrender the terrorist leader. | | November 2001 | Afghanistan | Supported by the continuing US air campaign in Afghanistan, opposition Northern Alliance forces make rapid territorial gains against the fundamentalist Taliban regime, which only retains Kandahar by the end of the month. The deployment of US ground troops begins, but the location of the al-Qaeda terrorist leader, Osama bin Laden, remains uncertain. The United Nations calls a meeting of rival Afghan factions in Bonn, Germany, to establish an interim government. International concerns are voiced over the killing of captured Taliban fighters near Mazar-e Sharif. | | December 2001 | Afghanistan | As the USA maintains its air campaign in Afghanistan against pockets of Taliban and al-Qaeda resistance, other Afghan ethnic factions agree at a meeting in Bonn, Germany, on a new interim government which is subsequently inaugurated under the leadership of Hamid Karzai, a Pathan (or Pashtun) chief. A multinational peacekeeping force begins to deploy in the capital, Kabul, but al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden continues to evade capture. | | 11–13 August 2003 | Afghanistan | In Afghanistan the international peacekeeping force in the capital, Kabul, is placed under the strategic command of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). It is the Western Alliance's first ground mission outside Europe. Two days later Afghanistan suffers its most violent day in several months, leaving at least 64 people dead in a series of incidents including clashes in Khost province between government forces and rebel supporters of the former Taliban regime and the terrorist bombing of a civilian bus in Lashkargah in the south of the country. | | 6 September 2006 | | US President George W Bush confirms for the first time the existence of a secret US Central Intelligence Agency programme in the global war against terror for interrogating suspects in foreign prisons. The detention system is linked to controversial ‘rendition’ flights. |
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