Ward, Robert (De Courcy) (1867–1931)

US climatologist and geographer. Associated with Harvard University (1890–1913), he was an American pioneer in climatology, publishing a much-needed student text, Practical Exercises in Elementary Meteorology (1899). Editor of the American Meteorological Journal (1892–96), he helped found the Immigration Restriction League in 1894. The first professor of climatology in the USA (from 1910), he published his best known work, The Climates of the United States, in 1925. Ward was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Ward, Robert (1917– )

US composer and conductor. He studied at the Eastman School and the Juilliard School, New York, where he also taught between 1946 and 1956. He was professor at Duke University, North Carolina, from 1979. He was best known for his opera The Crucible (after Arthur Miller) which was produced by the New York City Opera, in 1961. Other works include four operas, (including Abelard and Heloise, 1982); five symphonies (1941–76, no. 5 Canticles of America, based on Whitman and Longfellow); saxophone concerto (1984), and Raleigh Divertimento for wind quintet (1986).