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Wars of the Roses (1455–85) - events| 22 May 1455 | England | The Wars of the Roses begin when forces under Richard, Duke of York, and the Neville earls of Warwick and Salisbury are refused a parley and rapidly defeat the armies of King Henry VI of England in St Albans, England. The king's commander, the Duke of Somerset, is killed, and the king is wounded and captured. | | 30 December 1460 | England | Richard, duke of York, claimant to the English throne, besieged in Sandal Castle in Yorkshire, England, following grievous Lancastrian attacks throughout his journey to pacify Yorkshire, is killed near Wakefield, Yorkshire. His head, along with that of the earl of Salisbury, is impaled on the city gates of York, England (49). | | 3 February 1461 | England | The Yorkist forces of Edward, Earl of March (the future King Edward IV of England), defeat and break Lancastrian forces including French, Breton, and Irish troops at Mortimer's Cross, Herefordshire, England. Owen Tudor (Pembroke) is captured and beheaded. | | 4 March 1461 | England | Having been welcomed into London, England, three days previously, Edward of York, Earl of March, is acclaimed King Edward IV by the populace. He pursues the Lancastrian forces of Henry VI northwards. | | 14 April 1471 | England | Having sailed from Burgundy to land at Ravenspur in Holderness, England, on 14 March, King Edward IV of England musters support and enters London, England, capturing Henry VI and annihilating the Lancastrian Neville forces in the fog at Barnet. The Lancastrian leaders, the Earl of Warwick and Lord Montague, die in battle. | | 21 May 1471 | England | Richard, duke of Gloucester, brother of King Edward IV of England, defeats an attack on London, England, by the Lancastrian Lord Fauconberg that is aimed at taking Henry VI from confinement in the Tower of London. Edward has Henry executed, thereby extinguishing the Lancastrian dynasty. | | 16 June 1487 | England | King Henry VII of England defeats the army of the pretender, Lambert Simnel, who has marched from a landing in Lancashire to the battle site at East Stoke, near Newark, Nottinghamshire, England. Simnel's major backer, the Earl of Lincoln, is killed in this last battle of the Wars of the Roses. |
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