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West Nile virus| Viral disease carried by birds that spreads to humans via mosquitoes (which suck the blood of both birds and humans). The virus is endemic in Africa, Asia, and Europe and spreads only to humans when infection levels in birds (where the virus is largely harmless in many species) are high enough for levels of infected mosquitoes to also become high. In humans the virus causes encephalitis, with a mortality rate of around 10%. |
| In June 2001 US researchers developed a virus that successfully protected horses against the virus. |
| West Nile virus was first detected in the USA in 1999, when there were seven fatalities in New York. In August 2001, bird carriers of the West Nile Virus disease were identified in Ontario, Canada. |
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