, Serum androgenic hormones motivate sexual be havior in adolescent boys, Fertility and Sterility, 1985, 43(1):90-94.

Further, it has been demonstrated that exposure to estrogen or estrogen-mimicking chemicals during a critical period of development can result in genotypic XY males developing into fully functional phenotypic females, whereas exposure of genotypic XX females to androgenic chemicals can result in development of phenotypic males (Cheek et al.

Capaldini noted that oxandrolone (used for treating muscle wasting) is a pure anabolic--it helps increase muscle mass, but does not have any androgenic (masculinizing) effect at all (this is why women can take the frill dose).