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conditioning |
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conditioningIn psychology, two major principles of behaviour modification. In classical conditioning, described by Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov, a new stimulus can evoke an automatic response by being repeatedly associated with a stimulus that naturally provokes that response. For example, the sound of a bell repeatedly associated with food will eventually trigger salivation, even if sounded without food being presented. In operant conditioning, described by US psychologists Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949) and B F Skinner, the frequency of a voluntary response can be increased by following it with a reinforcer or reward. |
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| Even a single episode of aversive conditioning may cause an individual to completely avoid the dental environment and dental stimuli. is not affirmative and progressive movement toward civility and social consideration; rather civility is unveiled as the product and precipitate of harsh, aversive conditioning in which male subjects cultivate anxieties about the very bodies they inhabit" (7). In terms of altering such behavior, Marshall and Barbaree suggested behavioral treatment via aversive conditioning, coupled with cognitive skills training to separate the idea of sex from aggressive behavior. |
aversive conditioning
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