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azo dye
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azo dye

Synthetic dye containing the azo group of two nitrogen atoms (NN) connecting aromatic ring compounds. Azo dyes are usually red, brown, or yellow, and make up about half the dyes produced. They are manufactured from aromatic amines.

The azo group arises from a characteristic sequence of two chemical reactions known as diazotization and azo coupling. Diazotization converts an amine (such as aniline) into a diazonium salt, which can then be coupled with another amine to form the azo compound.

The intense colours of azo dyes are due to an extended system of delocalized electrons which includes the azo group itself and the aromatic structures on both sides.
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