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barbarian invasions of Rome (378–476) - events| 403 | Western Roman Empire, Italy | Alaric and the Visigoths invade Italy again, but are defeated by the Roman general Stilicho near Verona. A treaty is made, and the emperor Honorius and Stilicho celebrate their victory. | | 405 | Western Roman Empire, Italy | The German king Radagaisus gathers an army of Ostrogoths, Vandals, and others, with which he invades Italy. The Roman general Stilicho saves Florence and brings Radagaisus in chains to the emperor Honorius. | | 31 December 406 | Roman Empire | The River Rhine in central Europe freezes over, allowing hordes of Vandals, Alans, and Scieri to invade the Roman Empire, ultimately leading to its collapse. | | 409 | Western Roman Empire, Italy | The Visigoth king Alaric besieges Rome, bringing the inhabitants close to starvation. Twice he is bought off but twice returns. Many Germanic slaves escape to his side. The emperor Honorius in Ravenna refuses to negotiate for peace, despite repeated offers from Alaric. After his second siege of Rome, Alaric comes to terms with the Senate and sets up the prefect of the city, Attalus, as a rival emperor to Honorius. Attalus proves incapable, however, losing the vital province of Africa (the granary of Rome) to Honorius. Alaric deposes him and reopens negotiations with Honorius. Hindered by the machinations of his Gothic enemy Sarus, Alaric begins his third siege of Rome. | | August 410 | Western Roman Empire, Italy | The city of Rome is captured by the Visigoth king Alaric when a slave opens the gates and the Visigoths enter. The city is taken 800 years after its previous fall to the Gauls. The Visigoths spare the churches of St Peter and St Paul. | | 472 | Western Roman Empire, Italy | The Western Roman Empire enters a period of unrest beginning when the Visigoth Ricimer captures Rome and kills the Western Roman emperor Anthemius. He appoints Olybrius his successor. When Ricimer dies shortly thereafter, Gundobad, king of the Burgundians, takes control of the western armies. Olybrius then dies, leaving the Western Roman Empire without an emperor. | | 476 | Western Roman Empire, Eastern Roman Empire, Italy | More Germanic tribes invade Italy, and in Rome the emperor Romulus Augustulus resigns his throne to their general, Odoacer. Odoacer agrees to become king of Italy while Zeno of Constantinople becomes emperor of the nominally re-combined Eastern and Western Roman empires. |
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