basic–oxygen process
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In the basic–oxygen process oxygen is blown at high pressure through molten pig iron and scrap steel in a converter lined with basic refractory materials. The impurities, principally carbon, quickly burn out, producing steel.
Most widely used method of steelmaking, involving the blasting of oxygen at high pressure into molten pig iron.
Pig iron from a blast furnace, together with steel scrap, is poured into a converter, and a jet of oxygen is then projected into the mixture. The excess carbon in the mix and other impurities quickly burn out or form a slag, and the converter is emptied by tilting. It takes only about 45 minutes to refine 350 tonnes/400 tons of steel. The basic–oxygen process was developed 1948 at a steelworks near the Austrian towns of Linz and Donawitz. It is a version of the Bessemer process.
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