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buildings - events| c. 1750000 BC | Africa | A semicircle of stones 3 m/10 ft in diameter is constructed at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, within a concentration of animal bones and stone tools – the first known homebase or campsite. | | c. 300000 BC | Europe | Oval huts 15 m/50 ft by 6 m/20 ft are built at Terra Amata near Nicaea (Nice), France – the first houses to be constructed. | | c. 7350 BC | Middle East | The earliest known township of Jericho in the Middle East is surrounded by a wall 6.4 m/21 ft high, and a moat 4.6 m/15 ft wide and 2.7 m/9 ft deep, making Jericho the first fortress, and indicating that organized raiding and warfare have appeared. | | c. 2500 BC | Mesopotamia, South Asia | Highly advanced water-supply systems, involving wells, storage reservoirs, aqueducts, and canals, are built along the Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, and Indus rivers. | | 1870 BC | Egypt | Egyptian king Senusret (Sesostris) III's engineers cut a channel 79 m/260 ft long, and 10 m/34 ft wide, through the cliffs of the Nile's first cataract at Elephantine so that his war galleys may pass. | | 1176 | England | Construction begins on Old London Bridge, the main crossing over the River Thames in London, England. The bridge has 19 arches, with access controlled by a drawbridge, and buildings overhanging the river on either side of the road. | | 1638 | North America | The log cabin, which comes to epitomize the American frontier, is introduced by Swedish settlers in Delaware. | | 1756 | UK | English engineer John Smeaton begins to rebuild the Eddystone Lighthouse, near Plymouth, England. | | 1 May–18 September 1851 | UK | The Great Exhibition is held in Hyde Park, London, England. Devised by Prince Albert, it is the first exhibition to display the latest technical innovations in industry, from both Britain and Europe. Exhibits are housed in the Crystal Palace, a large iron and glass structure, designed by English architect Joseph Paxton. | | 1883 | USA | US architect William Lebaron Jenney completes construction of the ten-storey Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois. The world's first true skyscraper, it consists of a steel-girder framework on which the outer covering of masonry hangs. It sparks a boom in the construction of skyscrapers in Chicago. | | 1972 | USA | The 411-m/1,350-ft-high World Trade Center opens in New York City – it is the tallest building in the world, until 1973. | | 15 December 2001 | Italy | The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy reopens to tourists after nearly 12 years of restoration work to reduce the monument's famous lean and make it structurally safe. | | 5 February 2007 | England | The Swiss Re building at 30 St Mary Axe in London, England – more popularly known as the ‘Gherkin’ – is sold for £600 million in a deal thought to be the most expensive recorded in the capital for a single building. |
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