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carbonate

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carbonate

Ion formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; any salt formed by this ion and another chemical element, usually a metal.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves sparingly in water (for example, when rain falls through the air) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which unites with various basic substances to form carbonates. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (chalk, limestone, and marble) is one of the most abundant carbonates known, being a constituent of mollusc shells and the hard outer skeletons of crustaceans.

Carbonates give off carbon dioxide when heated or treated with dilute acids.

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

CaCo3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

The latter reaction is used as the laboratory test for the presence of the ion, as it gives an immediate effervescence, with the gas turning limewater (a solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) milky. See calcium carbonate.



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? Mentioned in ? References in classic literature
 
of chloride of sodium; then, in a smaller quantity, chlorides of magnesium and of potassium, bromide of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sulphate and carbonate of lime.
20,000 Leagues Under The Sea by Verne, Jules View in context
It is much softer, more transparent, and contains more animal matter, than the natural incrustation at Ascension; but we here again see the strong tendency which carbonate of lime and animal matter evince to form a solid substance allied to shell.
The Voyage of the Beagle by Darwin, Charles View in context
"White quartzose sand," Paul rattled off, "sodic carbonate, slaked lime, cutlet, manganese peroxide--there you have it, the finest French plate glass, made by the great St.
Moon-Face and Other Stories by London, Jack View in context
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