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carbonate
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carbonate

Ion formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water; any salt formed by this ion and another chemical element, usually a metal.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves sparingly in water (for example, when rain falls through the air) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which unites with various basic substances to form carbonates. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (chalk, limestone, and marble) is one of the most abundant carbonates known, being a constituent of mollusc shells and the hard outer skeletons of crustaceans.

Carbonates give off carbon dioxide when heated or treated with dilute acids.

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

CaCo3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

The latter reaction is used as the laboratory test for the presence of the ion, as it gives an immediate effervescence, with the gas turning limewater (a solution of calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) milky. See calcium carbonate.



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