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characteristic
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characteristic

In mathematics, the integral (whole-number) part of a logarithm. The fractional part is the mantissa.

For example, in base ten, 100 = 1, 101 = 10, 102 = 100, and so on; the powers to which 10 is raised are the characteristics. To determine the power to which 10 must be raised to obtain a number between 10 and 100, say 20 (2 × 10, or log 2 + log 10), the logarithm for 2 is found (0.3010), and the characteristic 1 (log 10) added to make 1.3010.



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? Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive
 
Since each atom has a unique energy pattern with its electrons having distinct quantum numbers, resulting characteristic x-rays are also unique with specific frequency and act as fingerprints of elements in the XRF analysis.
The intensity of characteristic x-rays depends on the overvoltage, U, which is the ratio of the incident beam energy, [E.
Measurements of the characteristic X-rays emitted by electrons shifting from high-energy, outer shells to low-energy, inner shells allow researchers to track the process.
 
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