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climate and weather - events| c. 3 million BC | World | An ice age begins on Earth. Mammals that can adapt to the cold weather prosper. | | c. 7500 BC | Europe | The ice covering much of the Earth has by now melted to roughly modern levels. This destroys many land bridges, for instance across the Mediterranean. The separation of the British Isles from the European mainland occurs about this time. | | 1755 | Ottoman Empire | The Golden Horn around Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire freezes over in one of the coldest winters on record – the beginning of a ‘mini Ice Age’ that will last several decades. | | 1806 | UK | British navy commander Francis Beaufort devises the Beaufort wind force scale. | | 1897 | Norway | Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes develops mathematical theorems applicable to the motions of large-scale air masses, which are essential to weather forecasting. | | March 2002 | Antarctica | The collapse of a huge ice shelf, part of the Antarctic Peninsula, is recorded by satellite. It causes alarm among environmentalists concerned by the pace of global warming. |
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