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contact process

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contact process

Main industrial method of manufacturing the chemical sulphuric acid. Sulphur dioxide is produced by burning sulphur: S + O2 → SO2. Sulphur dioxide and air are passed over a hot (450°C) catalyst of vanadium (V) oxide: 2SO2 + O2 ⇌ 2SO3. This reaction is reversible and so reaches chemical equilibrium; the conditions are chosen to give the best yield in a short time. The sulphur trioxide produced is absorbed in concentrated sulphuric acid to make fuming sulphuric acid, or oleum (H2S2O7). The oleum is then diluted with water to give concentrated sulphuric acid (98%): H2S2O7 + H2O → 2H2SO4. Unreacted gases are recycled.



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