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Counter-Reformation
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Counter-Reformation

Movement initiated by the Catholic Church at the Council of Trent (1545–63) to counter the spread of the Reformation. Extending into the 17th century, its dominant forces included the rise of the Jesuits as an educating and missionary group and the deployment of the Spanish Inquisition in Europe and the Americas. See also Germany: history 1519–1815, impact of the Counter-Reformation; and Spain: history 1492–1936, reign of Philip II.



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Another fundamental change occurred when the Counterreformation helped establish new charitable institutions, the case di carita, that were geared toward the support of single women from the lower classes but also allowed some upper-class women a retreat from marriage (in ways, I might add, that resemble the beguinages of northern Europe).
The people of southern Italy shared a history of pain on the largest scale fathomable: centuries of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, mudslides, epidemics, revolts, famines, invasions, counterreformations, a communal memory of the works of man collapsing, crumbling, shaking, corpses burning, bodies thrown into the sea.
Through his review of the history of social constructionism and feminism, sexual revolution and counterreformation, Money provides a useful analysis of the ideological context for the science of sexology.
 
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