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dative

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dative

In the grammar of certain inflected languages (see language) such as Latin, the dative case is the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective used for the indirect object of a verb. It is also used with some prepositions.

In ‘Joan sent the man a letter’, the man is the indirect object – the indirect recipient of the action of the verb. Similarly, in ‘Joan sent me a letter’, me is in the dative case as the indirect object. The form of the pronoun (me, not ‘I’) is the same as for the direct object. In English only certain pronouns change form with case; nouns never do.



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Very well--then THE rain is DER Regen, if it is simply in the quiescent state of being MENTIONED, without enlargement or discussion--Nominative case; but if this rain is lying around, in a kind of a general way on the ground, it is then definitely located, it is DOING SOMETHING--that is, RESTING (which is one of the German grammar's ideas of doing something), and this throws the rain into the Dative case, and makes it DEM Regen.
It would be an easy map if that were all, but there is also first day at school, religion, fathers, the round pond, needle-work, murders, hangings, verbs that take the dative, chocolate pudding day, getting into braces, say ninety-nine, three-pence for pulling out your tooth yourself, and so on, and either these are part of the island or they are another map showing through, and it is all rather confusing, especially as nothing will stand still.
He very soon set down poor Tom as a thoroughly stupid lad; for though by hard labor he could get particular declensions into his brain, anything so abstract as the relation between cases and terminations could by no means get such a lodgment there as to enable him to recognize a chance genitive or dative.
 
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