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cartilage
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   Also found in: Dictionary/thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia 0.01 sec.

cartilage

Flexible bluish-white connective tissue made up of the protein collagen. In cartilaginous fish it forms the skeleton; in other vertebrates it forms the greater part of the embryonic skeleton, and is replaced by bone in the course of development, except in areas of wear such as bone endings, and the discs between the backbones. It also forms structural tissue in the larynx, nose, and external ear of mammals.

Cartilage does not heal itself, so where injury is severe the joint may need to be replaced surgically. In a 1994 trial, Swedish doctors repaired damaged knee joints by implanting cells cultured from the patient's own cartilage. In 1999 US chemists created an artificial liquid cartilage for use in repairing torn tissue. The cartilage is injected into a wound or damaged joint and will harden with exposure to ultraviolet light.



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One of the problems with cartilage is its lack of a direct blood supply, and it relies on the compression and decompression of the articular cartilage, or on the flexing of elastic cartilage, to create a pumping action that drives blood to the chondrocytes.
The epiglottis is an elastic cartilage structure at the root of the tongue that prevents food from entering the windpipe when swallowing.
Osteoarthritis happens when the smooth, elastic cartilage on the ends of bones, which acts as a cushion, wears away and becomes rough.
 
 
 
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