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ethology |
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ethologyComparative study of animal behaviour in its natural setting. Ethology is concerned with the causal mechanisms (both the stimuli that elicit behaviour and the physiological mechanisms controlling it), as well as the development of behaviour, its function, and its evolutionary history. Ethology was pioneered during the 1930s by the Austrians Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch who, with the Dutch zoologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, received the Nobel prize in 1973. Ethologists believe that the significance of an animal's behaviour can be understood only in its natural context, and emphasize the importance of field studies and an evolutionary perspective. A development within ethology is sociobiology, the study of the evolutionary function of social behaviour. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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Erikson's suggestion is that Satyagraha is a ritual of pacification which "may derive some of its obvious strength from an evolutionary potential" that is illustrated in the rituals among animals that the ethologists record. The pressure cooker metaphor is based on hydraulic models of aggression championed by Freud and 20th-century ethologists like Konrad Lorenz and Robert Ardrey, and critics are right to treat it dismissively. Peirce's conception of pure chance as living spontaneity with a tendency to make habits as a realistic but nonreductionist theory that comprises a solution to the worldview problems of Bateson, Maturana, Prigogine, and Stengers and the ethologists. |
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