expectancy theory

Motivational theory proposed by Canadian Victor Vroom. Motivation is based on a decision of how much effort should be expended performing a task. The decision is based on a two-stage sequence of expectations: effort leads to performance; and performance leads to outcome.

Vroom's theory postulates that motivation is determined by three factors: the perception that effort will result in success; the perception that a successful performance will lead to a valued outcome, such as a reward of some kind; and that personal satisfaction will be derived from the outcomes. All three elements must be present for an individual to be motivated.