genealogy

The study and tracing of family histories.

In the US there are many genealogical societies that trace people's descent and some groups, such as the Daughters of the American Revolution, limit membership to those who can demonstrate a particular lineage.

Genealogy only developed into a critical science in England in the reign of Elizabeth I. Robert Glover, Somerset herald (died 1588), was one of the pioneers. Genealogy was of legal value when canon law forbade marriage within stated degrees of consanguinity, and, later, in Europe when proof of a certain number of heraldic quarterings was necessary for the holding of certain dignities. It is still of great historical interest, and of importance in the study of heraldry and some aspects of medieval history, as well as playing a useful and even decisive role in determining legal rights in the matter of succession to titles, arms, and property. In Britain, when such rights are at issue, the work must be done or approved by the English College of Arms or the Scottish Lyon Office, which have their own strict rules about evidence.