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germanium |
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germaniumBrittle, grey-white, weakly metallic (metalloid) element, atomic number 32, relative atomic mass 72.6. It belongs to the silicon group, and has chemical and physical properties between those of silicon and tin. Germanium is a semiconductor material and is used in the manufacture of transistors and integrated circuits. The oxide is transparent to infrared radiation, and is used in military applications. It was discovered in 1886 by German chemist Clemens Winkler (1838-1904). In parts of Asia, germanium and plants containing it are used to treat a variety of diseases, and it is sold in the West as a food supplement despite fears that it may cause kidney damage. |
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Zou, chemist Michael O'Keeffe of Arizona State University in Tempe, and their colleagues had been synthesizing porous crystals made with germanium oxide. NIST and the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) recently completed a bilateral comparison of routine spectral responsivity calibrations from 250 nm to 1800 nm, using silicon, germanium, and indium gallium arsenide photodiodes as transfer standards. IBM has shipped the 100 millionth chip made with silicon germanium (SiGe), a technology pioneered by IBM that is revolutionizing the design of cell phones and other wireless electronic products. |
germanium
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