They discovered that the sticky glycoprotein is formed from two separate proteins, each 110 amino acids long, that seem to be encoded by genes on opposite strands of the very same sequence of DNA.

They have organized the contributions into sections concentrating on glycoprotein and proteoglycan analysis; glycosylation site determination methods; the use of bioinformatic tools for analysis of mass spectrometric data on glycans; analysis of the specific single O-GlcNAc molecule found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins; and methods for measuring glycan biomolecular interactions using glycan arrays, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors.

Lebanon, NH) has patented cell lines having genetically modified glycosylation pathways that allow them to carry out a sequence of enzymatic reactions, which mimic the processing of glycoproteins in humans, have been developed.