space

The first animal in space, the dog Laika, was launched by the Russians inside Sputnik 2 on 3 November 1958. In a study of the effects of weightlessness the dog was housed in a sealed cabin for seven days and fed on a fluid diet. It did not survive.

Void that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere. Above 120 km/75 mi, very little atmosphere remains, so objects can continue to move quickly without extra energy. The space between the planets is not entirely empty, but filled with the tenuous gas of the solar wind as well as dust. Highly rarefied gas, dust, and high-energy subatomic particles also exist in the space between galaxies and between clusters of galaxies.

space

In art, the areas between, below, above, around, and within the components of a composition; one of the formal art elements. In art, sculptors are concerned with the relationship between space and the created three-dimensional object. Two-dimensional artists, on the other hand, typically consider the two-dimensional space of the picture plane, including negative space (the area behind objects or the background of a picture) and positive space (the picture's foreground, objects, or figures); and the representation of three-dimensional space, or implied depth. Techniques used to imply depth include overlapping, size, focus, placement, intensity, and value, and perspective.

Overlapping is the simplest way to create depth in a picture; it is achieved by placing an object in front of and partially covering another object. Changing the size of objects on the picture plane is another way to effect depth; objects made smaller appear further away while larger objects seem to be closer. Focus, the addition of detail to close objects and less detail to distant ones, also gives the appearance of depth. Placement of objects is another common way to realize depth; objects placed lower in the picture will appear closer than those placed higher up. Colour intensity and value play a role in the creation of space; colours of low intensity and light value will usually recede and create a sense of distance. The most effective way of creating space is to use perspective, or converging lines, so objects appear to fall back into space.