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international organizations - events| 453 BC | Greece | Achaea, on the southern shore of the Corinthian Gulf, is forced to join the Delian League, which is now all but an Athenian Empire. | | 9 July 1686 | France, Holy Roman Empire, Germany, Spain, Sweden | In response to King Louis XIV of France 's claims to the Palatinate, the defensive League of Augsburg is formed to protect against encroachments on German soil. It includes the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, the Electors of Bavaria, Saxony, and the Palatinate, the kings of Spain and Sweden by virtue of their German territories, and other minor German princes. | | 1 July 1823 | Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica | The former Spanish colonies of Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica form the Confederation of the United Provinces of Central America. | | 1923 | Austria | Interpol, the international police coordination body, is founded following the Second International Judicial Police Conference in Vienna, Austria. | | 1931 | United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Canada | The British Commonwealth of Nations is founded, reflecting the autonomy and equality of status of the Dominions (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and Canada) with Britain. | | 25 April 1945 | USA | The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) in San Francisco, California, attended by representatives of 50 nations, drafts the Charter of the United Nations (UN). | | 24 October 1945 | USA | The United Nations (UN), with headquarters in New York City, comes into formal existence on the ratification of its Charter by 29 nations. | | 1 February 1946 | Norway | The Norwegian Labour politician Trygve Lie is elected the first secretary general of the United Nations (UN), serving until 1952. | | 28 June 1948 | Yugoslavia, USSR | Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) for its hostility to the USSR. | | 25 January 1949 | USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Albania,Yugoslavia | The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) is formed in Moscow to further economic cooperation between the USSR and its satellites (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Albania, with Yugoslavia as an associated member). | | 4 April 1949 | USA, Canada, UK, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, Norway | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is founded to provide mutual support against the Soviet military presence in eastern Europe. The treaty is signed by the USA, Canada, Britain, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Iceland, and Norway. | | 1 July 1952 | Europe | The Schuman Plan, which creates a European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), comes into force. | | 9 May 1955 | West Germany | West Germany is admitted as a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). | | 14 May 1955 | USSR, Europe | The Warsaw Treaty (of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) is signed by the USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, establishing the ‘Warsaw Pact’ and providing for a unified military command (with headquarters in Moscow) and stationing of Soviet military units in member countries. | | 30 December 1958 | Africa | The French West African states of Chad, Congo, Gabon, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal decide to form a federation within the French Community. | | 21 August 1959 | Turkey | Following the withdrawal of Iraq from the Baghdad Pact on 24 March, the Pact changes its name to the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) and moves its headquarters to Ankara, Turkey. | | 1960 | Iraq | The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) meets for the first time, in Baghdad, Iraq. It raises the price of oil. | | 3 May 1960 | Europe | The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) comes into force, with 20% tariff cuts between members from July. | | 9 September 1960 | Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela | Representatives of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela meet in Baghdad, Iraq, and vote to establish the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC), a permanent organization to represent their interests. OPEC is finally formed in 1961. | | 30 September 1961 | world | The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), established the previous year by an international convention. is founded. It is a successor to the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), but the OECD includes the USA and Canada among its founder members. | | 29 January 1963 | UK, France | Britain is refused entry to the European Economic Community (EEC) by a French veto. | | 22–25 May 1963 | Africa | The Organization of African Unity (OAU; later African Union) is founded at a conference of African leaders in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; it aims to maintain solidarity between African leaders and remove colonialism from the African continent. | | 1964 | world | INTELSAT (International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium) is founded by 18 countries to operate telecommunication satellites and establish a global commercial communications network. | | 12 September 1968 | Albania | Albania formally quits the Warsaw Pact. | | 31 August 1975 | USA | The International Monetary Fund (IMF) abandons the remaining role of gold in world monetary affairs. | | 1 July 1987 | Europe | Members of the European Community complete ratification of the Single European Act. It comes into force on 1 July, with the aim of starting the creation of a single market in Europe by 1993. It also introduces qualified majority voting in the European Council of Ministers. | | 30 August 1995 | Bosnia-Herzegovina | NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) aircraft begin large-scale attacks on Serbian positions in Bosnia; 300 sorties are flown in the first 12 hours, and by 13 September over 800 missions have been completed. | | 21 June 1996 | Europe, Italy, UK | At a European Union (EU) summit in Florence, Italy, a deal is made for the lifting of the export ban on British beef (involving the slaughter of 147,000 at-risk cattle); in return, Britain ends its obstruction of EU business. | | 11 December 2000 | France | At the end of a four-day summit meeting in Nice, France, leaders of the 15 member states of the European Union agree on new voting rules and other institutional changes to pave the way for other countries to join the EU from 2005. | | 7 June 2001 | Ireland | European Union (EU) plans for future enlargement are thrown into confusion as voters in a referendum in the Republic of Ireland (a member state) reject the Treaty of Nice, which was signed by the governments of the existing EU countries in December 2000. | | 12–13 December 2003 | Belgium | European Union (EU) leaders at a summit meeting in Brussels, Belgium, fail to agree on countries' voting powers in the proposed new constitution for an enlarged EU from May 2004. The main protagonists are Poland and Spain on one side and Germany and France on the other. | | 29 March 2004 | | The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) welcomes seven new members, as Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia formally join the western political and military alliance. Their accession brings the total membership of NATO to 26 countries. | | 1 May 2004 | | The European Union (EU) expands to cover 450 million citizens as eight central European states – the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia – together with Cyprus and Malta, become full members of the organization. The enlargement from 15 to 25 countries is the biggest in EU history. | | 1 January 2007 | | Ban Ki-moon, South Korea's former foreign minister, takes office as the new United Nations secretary-general in succession to Kofi Annan. | | 1 January 2007 | Romania Bulgaria | Romania and Bulgaria become the European Union's 26th and 27th member states. | | 13 December 2007 | Portugal | European Union heads of government, with the exception of UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown, gather in Lisbon, Portugal, to officially sign the controversial new treaty agreed in June on streamlining the institutional structure and operation of the enlarged EU. |
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