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ionosphere
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ionosphere

Ionized layer of Earth's outer atmosphere (60–1,000 km/38–620 mi) that contains sufficient free electrons to modify the way in which radio waves are propagated, for instance by reflecting them back to Earth. The ionosphere is thought to be produced by absorption of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. The British Antarctic Survey estimates that the ionosphere is decreasing at a rate of 1 km/0.6 mi every five years, based on an analysis of data from 1960 to 1998. Global warming is the probable cause.



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? Mentioned in ? References in periodicals archive
 
Signals originating from a ground based transmitter have path delays that are difficult to estimate, since the delay continually changes due to changing ionospheric conditions.
The GOES time code service, 1974-2004: a retrospective by Hanson, D. Wayne / Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
Pilots relying on GPS also need to know that the signal they're getting is good and WAAS was developed to be the safety net that verifies reliability of the GPS signal (regular GPS can be disrupted by ionospheric interference.
WAAS Up with GPS? by Dickinson, Elaine / BOAT/U.S. Magazine
By measuring the time it took the radar signal to return to Earth, the researchers could track changes in the height of the ionospheric layer within the thermosphere.
As globe warms, atmosphere may shrink by Monastersky, Richard / Science News
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