memory

Ability to store and recall observations and sensations. Memory does not seem to be based in any particular part of the brain; it may depend on changes to the pathways followed by nerve impulses as they move through the brain. Memory can be improved by regular use as the connections between nerve cells (neurons) become ‘well-worn paths’ in the brain. Events stored in short-term memory are forgotten quickly, whereas those in long-term memory can last for many years, enabling recall of information and recognition of people and places over long periods of time.

Short-term memory is the most likely to be impaired by illness or drugs whereas long-term memory is very resistant to such damage. Memory changes with age and otherwise healthy people may experience a natural decline after the age of about 40. Research is just beginning to uncover the biochemical and electrical bases of the human memory.

Older people who are highly educated show less memory loss and fewer problems with thinking.