mountaineering
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Ice climbing, Canada. Ice climbing is an increasingly popular sport. The ability to scale massive glaciers and ice-covered slopes is an essential skill in mountain climbing at high altitudes and latitudes.
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Ice climbing, Canada. Ice climbing is often a necessary part of alpine mountaineering at high altitudes, but is increasingly a popular sport in its own right.
Art and practice of mountain climbing. For major peaks of the Himalayas it was formerly thought necessary to have elaborate support from the native Sherpas, fixed ropes, and oxygen at high altitudes (siege-style climbing). In the 1980s the Alpine style was introduced. This dispenses with these aids, and relies on human ability to adapt to high altitude.
In 1854 Wetterhorn, Switzerland, was climbed by Alfred Wills, thereby founding the sport; 1865 Matterhorn, Switzerland–Italy, by Edward Whymper; 1897 Cerro Aconcagua, Argentina, by Zurbriggen; 1938 Eiger (north face), Switzerland, by Heinrich Harrer; 1953 Everest, Nepal–Tibet, by Edmund Hillary and Norgay Tenzing; 1981 Kongur, China, by Chris Bonington.
mountaineering - events
| 1854 | Europe | The British climber Alfred Wills climbs the Wetterhorn from Grindelwald in the Alps, an event which is regarded as the start of mountaineering as a sport. Within the next 11 years all the Alpine peaks are reached except La Meije. |
| 29 May 1953 | Nepal | Edmund Hilary from New Zealand and Sherpa Norkey Tenzing from Nepal, as part of John Hunt's British expedition, complete the first successful ascent of Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain (8,848 m/29,028 ft) in the Himalayas, Nepal. |
| 16 May 1975 | Japan, Asia | Junko Tabei of Japan becomes the first woman to climb Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain. |
| 8 May 1978 | Asia | Reinhold Messner of Italy and Peter Habeler of Austria become the first climbers to reach the summit of Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain, without bottled oxygen. |
| 20 August 1980 | Asia | Reinhold Messner of Italy completes the first entirely solo ascent of Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain. |
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