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palaces - events| c. 1600 BC | Crete | The four great Minoan palaces of Crete are built or rebuilt in this century with an architectural and artistic skill and sophistication that causes surprise when they are later discovered. The palaces are at Knossos, Phaestus (with its ‘summer residence’ at nearby Hagia Triada), Mallia, and Zakro. Frescos are now commonplace, and are used on the walls of Knossos palace. The new Minoan palaces use ‘light wells’ to give illumination without heat from the Sun, tied to an aqueduct system, and sanitation facilities flushed with water. | | 879 BC–824 BC | Neo-Assyrian Empire | The rulers Ashurnasirpal II and Shalmaneser III of Assyria build themselves palaces at Calah, Assyria, (modern Nimrud, Iraq) including outstanding features such as colossal carvings of winged bulls and reliefs showing royal lion hunts and battle scenes. The archaeologist Sir Henry Layard unearths the palaces in the 19th century AD. | | 304 | Dalmatia, Roman Empire | At Spalato (Split) in Dalmatia the palace planned for the Roman emperor Diocletian's retirement is begun in oriental style. | | 1365 | Venice, Italy | The Doges' Palace in Venice is completed. Changes, particularly to the façades, continue during the 15th century. | | 1528 | France | The development of the Palace of Fontainebleau begins in France. In both its structure and its lavish decoration, the palace becomes the centrepiece of King Francis I of France's artistic programme, which is to import Italian Renaissance styles. | | 1534 | Italy | The Palazzo del Tè in Mantua, Italy, is completed to a design by the Italian artist Giulio Romano (Pippi). The design is a landmark in the development of mannerism (a 16th-century style based on the deliberate exaggeration of classical principles). Romano also painted the palace's frescoes. | | 1536 | England | Hampton Court Palace, near London, England, is completed. Commissioned by Cardinal Wolsey, but later confiscated by Henry VIII as a royal residence, it is one of the finest Tudor palaces. | | 1572 | India, Mogul Empire | The Fortress Palace at Ajmer in India, built by the Mogul king Akbar the Great, is completed. | | 1583 | Spain | The Escorial, a palace and monastery complex near Madrid, Spain, is completed. Built on the orders of King Philip II of Spain, the Escorial was designed by the Spanish architect Juan de Herrera. | | 1762 | Russia | The Winter Palace in St Petersburg, Russia, designed by the Italian architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli, is completed. |
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