diaphragm

Barrier contraceptive that is passed into the vagina to fit over the cervix (neck of the uterus), preventing sperm from entering the uterus. For a cap to be effective, a spermicide must be used and the diaphragm left in place for six to eight hours after intercourse. This method is 97% effective if practised correctly.

In the USA, diaphragms are prescribed by physicians, who fit them for size; they may then be purchased in drug stores or at clinics.

diaphragm

In mammals, a thin muscular sheet separating the thorax from the abdomen. It is attached by way of the ribs at either side and the breastbone and backbone, and a central tendon. Arching upwards against the heart and lungs, the diaphragm is important in the mechanics of breathing. It contracts at each inhalation, moving downwards to increase the volume of the chest cavity, and relaxes at exhalation.

The diaphragm has three large openings: one for the oesophagus and vagus nerves, one for the aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein, and one for the inferior vena cava.