photodiode

Semiconductor p–n junction diode used to detect light or measure its intensity. The photodiode is encapsulated in a transparent plastic case that allows light to fall onto the junction. When this occurs, the reverse-bias resistance (high resistance in the opposite direction to normal current flow) drops and allows a larger reverse-biased current to flow through the device. The increase in current can then be related to the amount of light falling on the junction.

Photodiodes that can detect small changes in light level are used in alarm systems, camera exposure controls, and optical communication links.