packaging

A collection of green glass bottles due to be recycled. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the benefits of reprocessing discarded paper, glass, tin and aluminium containers, and some plastics, became clear. But some developed countries such as the USA recycle far less waste than other countries, and conservationists must convince packaging producers that expensive reprocessing is worthwhile.

Material, usually of metal, paper, plastic, or glass, used to protect products, make them easier to display, and as a form of advertising. Environmentalists have criticized packaging materials as being wasteful of energy and resources. Recycling bins are being placed in residential areas to facilitate the collection of surplus packaging.

In Germany from December 1991, shoppers have been able to leave behind surplus paper and plastic packaging. From 1993, shops are obliged to take back empty cans, toothpaste tubes, and yogurt cartons, and a compulsory deposit is levied on certain types of packaging. In addition, it is illegal in Germany to throw away packaging from most large electronic items. Shops are obliged to recycle boxes or return them to manufacturers.