hip-hop
Popular music originating in New York in the early 1980s, created with scratching (a percussive effect obtained by manually manipulating a vinyl record backwards and forwards on a turntable) and heavily accented electronic drums (also often produced by a ‘human beatbox’ – one performer providing the drumbeat with their mouth into a microphone) behind a rap vocal. Within a decade, digital sampling had largely replaced scratching. The term ‘hip-hop’ also includes break-dancing and graffiti.
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