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sociology |
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sociologySystematic study of the origin and constitution of human society, in particular of social order and social change, social conflict and social problems. It studies institutions such as the family, law, and the church, as well as concepts such as norm, role, and culture. Sociology attempts to study people in their social environment according to certain underlying moral, philosophical, and political codes of behaviour. DevelopmentSociology arose in the 19th century in an attempt to understand the far-reaching changes in human society due to industrialization, urbanization, and the development of new types of political systems. Although its primary focus is still on contemporary society, it makes comparisons with pre-industrial societies and draws on such related disciplines as history, politics, economics, psychology, philosophy, and anthropology.Sphere of interestAs a social science, sociology deals with human behaviour in its social settings; in particular, it investigates how societies reproduce themselves, develop and change, and also the nature, causes, and effects of social relations and interaction among individuals, and between individuals and groups. Sociology is concerned with the regularities and patterns of human behaviour, and with such things as the family, law, the church, class, ethnicity and race, gender, poverty, politics, aggression, marriage, education, communication, work, social change, urbanism, health, and social movements. It employs such concepts as social organization, culture, norms, roles, values, symbols, and ritual.MethodsModern sociology uses several methods, including controlled experimentation, participant observation, and statistical analysis. It encompasses a variety of traditions and theoretical perspectives, including functionalism, structuralism, symbolic interactionism, Marxism, action theory, and critical theory. Current concerns include the development of more accurate and verifiable methodologies, how individuals relate to the structure of society, and also with environmentalism, internationalism, and postmodernism.UsesSince the 1970s, sociology has played an increasing role in the development of evaluation of government policies in such areas as health, education, and social welfare. |
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| But he had never connected these scientific deductions as to the origin of man as an animal, as to reflex action, biology, and sociology, with those questions as to the meaning of life and death to himself, which had of late been more and more often in his mind. Perhaps it would be as well to start out with a broad and rapid sketch of Nietzsche as a writer on Morals, Evolution, and Sociology, so that the reader may be prepared to pick out for himself, so to speak, all passages in this work bearing in any way upon Nietzsche's views in those three important branches of knowledge. Freddie Drummond was a professor in the Sociology Department of the University of California, and it was as a professor of sociology that he first crossed over the Slot, lived for six mouths in the great labour-ghetto, and wrote The Unskilled Labourer--a book that was hailed everywhere as an able contribution to the literature of progress, and as a splendid reply to the literature of discontent. |
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sociology
