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soliton| Solitary wave that maintains its shape and velocity, and does not widen and disperse in the normal way. The mathematical equations that sum up the behaviour of solitons are used to further research in nuclear fusion and superconductivity. |
| It is so named from a solitary wave seen on a canal by Scottish engineer John Scott Russell (1808–1882), who raced after it on his horse. |
| Soliton pulses in optical fibres were first created 1989 in Japan. In 1995 Nippon Telephone and Telegraph sent data on a soliton at 10 gigabits per second for 180 million km/110 million mi without any degradation in the data. In 2001 data were first transmitted commercially using solitons. |
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