species

In biology, a distinguishable group of organisms that resemble each other or consist of a few distinctive types (as in polymorphism), and that can all interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Examples include lions, Douglas firs, cabbage white butterflies, humans, and sperm whales. Species are the lowest level in the system of biological classification. They are identified by two-part names, for example Homo sapiens for humans.

Related species are grouped together in a genus. Within a species there are usually two or more separate populations, which may in time become distinctive enough to be designated subspecies or varieties, and could eventually give rise to new species through speciation. Around 1.4 million species have been identified so far, of which 750,000 are insects, 250,000 are plants, and 41,000 are vertebrates. In tropical regions there are roughly two species for each temperate-zone species. It is estimated that one species becomes extinct every day through habitat destruction.

A native species is a species that has existed in that country at least from prehistoric times; a naturalized species is one known to have been introduced by humans from another country, but which now maintains itself; while an exotic species is one that requires human intervention to survive.

species

In music, the various types of counterpoint taught in academic contrapuntal instruction.