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stishovite

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stishovite

Highest density, highest pressure polymorph (substance with the same chemical composition but different crystal structure) of silica, SiO2, in which the crystal structure is the same as that of the mineral rutile, titanium dioxide. Rare in nature it is found primarily near meteor impact craters. It is thought to be a rare constituent of the lower mantle.



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Its atoms aggregate in forms as common as quartz crystals and as exotic as coesite and stishovite, minerals formed by the intense pressures generated when extraterrestrial objects such as comets and asteroids strike Earth's surface (SN: 6/15/02, p.
Some of these forms -- like stishovite, a phase of quartz produced under extremely high pressure -- are "generally considered indisputable evidence [of an impact] when found near the surface," Melosh says.
1989 Paleobiology * The discovery of extraterrestrial amino acids (135: 356) and the rare mineral stishovite (135: 132) in rocks from the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary provided further evidence that a large body collided with Earth 65 million years ago, causing the mass extinctions that occurred around that time.
 
 
 
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