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superfluid

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superfluid

Fluid that flows without viscosity or friction and has a very high thermal conductivity. Liquid helium at temperatures below 2 K (−271°C/−456°F) is a superfluid: it shows unexpected behaviour. For instance, it flows uphill in apparent defiance of gravity and, if placed in a container, will flow up the sides and escape.

German physicists discovered in 1998 that as few as 60 atoms will exhibit superfluidity.



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With its huge light-collection capability and set of sophisticated detectors cooled to the vicinity of absolute zero by over 2000 liters of superfluid helium, Herschel will look at the faintest and farthest infrared sources and peer into the as-yet uncharted far infrared and submillimetric parts of the spectrum.
Some researchers proposed that the impurities in the helium crystal, and not an intrinsic property, may cause the superfluid behavior.
They provide coverage of the experimental techniques for the creation and study of Fermi quantum gases and present the theoretical foundations for understanding the properties of these new superfluid atomic systems, which provide an ideal laboratory for investigating quantum many-body phenomenon important to such diverse fields as high-energy physics, condensed matter, astrophysics, quantum information, and quantum gases.
 
 
 
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