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vertebrate

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vertebrate

Any animal with a backbone. The 41,000 species of vertebrates include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. They include most of the larger animals, but in terms of numbers of species are only a tiny proportion of the world's animals. The zoological taxonomic group Vertebrata is a subgroup of the phylum Chordata.

In 2003, palaeontologists in Australia reported the discovery of the world's earliest vertebrate. Discovered in the Flingers Ranges of South Australia, the 66-cm/26-in fishlike fossil was dated to at least 560 million years old, around 30 million years older than previously thought for a vertebrate fossil. Prior to this find, a giant fossil conodont (an eel-like organism from the Cambrian period), discovered in South Africa in 1995, was thought to be one of the first vertebrates; conodonts evolved 520 million years ago, pre-dating the earliest fish by about 50 million years.


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I was with the Philadelphia Institute expedition in the Bad Lands under Professor Cope, hunting mastodon bones, and I overheard him say, his own self, that any plantigrade circumflex vertebrate bacterium that hadn't wings and was uncertain was a reptile.
Very well, my worthy harpooner, if some vertebrate, several hundred yards long, and large in proportion, can maintain itself in such depths-- of those whose surface is represented by millions of square inches, that is by tens of millions of pounds, we must estimate the pressure they undergo.
--`Publications: "Some Observations Upon a Series of Kalmuck Skulls"; "Outlines of Vertebrate Evolution"; and numerous papers, including "The underlying fallacy of Weissmannism," which caused heated discussion at the Zoological Congress of Vienna.
 
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